Positive-Displacement Compressor (G)

Positive displacement compressor in a gas network

Since R2022a

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Libraries:
Simscape / Fluids / Gas / Turbomachinery

Description

The Positive-Displacement Compressor (G) block represents a positive-displacement compressor, such as reciprocating piston, rotary screw, rotary vane, and scroll, in a gas network. You can control how the block parameterizes a positive displacement compressor by setting Parameterization to Analytical or Tabulated. Port R and port C are mechanical rotational conserving ports associated with the compressor shaft and casing, respectively. When there is positive rotation at port R with respect to port C, gas flows from port A to port B. The block may not be accurate for reversed flow.

The block treats the positive displacement process as polytropic such that pvⁿ is constant, where p is pressure, v is specific volume, and n is the Polytropic exponent parameter. You can use the block to model isentropic processes by setting n equal to the isentropic exponent, k. The figure shows the steps of a piston compressor on a P-V diagram, which has these states:

• a — The compressor cylinder is full at inlet pressure.

• b — The pressure inside the compressor exceeds that of the outlet, which results in fluid discharge.

• c — The compressor reaches the top of the piston stroke, and only the clearance volume remains in the cylinder.

• d — The pressure inside the cylinder drops below the inlet pressure, which results in fluid intake.

Efficiency

When you set Volumetric efficiency parameterization to Analytical, the block calculates the volumetric efficiency as

$${\eta }_V=1+C-C{\left(\frac{p_{out}}{p_{in}}\right)}^{\raisebox{1ex}{$1$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$n$}\right.},$$

where the block implements the polytropic pressure-volume relationship. The block calculates the clearance volume fraction, C, as

$$C=\frac{1-{\eta }_{V_{nominal}}}{p_{ratio}{}^{1/n}-1},$$

where η_Vnominal is the Nominal volumetric efficiency parameter, and p_ratio is the ratio of saturation pressures that correspond to the Nominal inlet pressure and Nominal inlet temperature parameters.

When you set Volumetric efficiency parameterization to

Tabulated, the block interpolates the values of the Volumetric efficiency table, eta(pr,w) parameter as a function of the shaft speed and the pressure ratio.

Continuity Equations

The block calculates the mass flow rate as

$$\dot{m}={\eta }_V\omega \frac{V_{disp}}{v_s},$$

where

• ṁ is the mass flow rate.

• ω is the angular velocity of port R relative to port C.

• v_s is the specific volume at the inlet.

• V_disp is the displacement volume that the block uses.

When you set Displacement specification to Volumetric displacement, the block uses the Displacement volume parameter. When you set Displacement specification to Nominal mass flow rate and shaft speed, the block calculates the displacement volume as

$$V_{disp}=\frac{{\dot{m}}_{nominal}{v}_{s,nominal}}{{\omega }_{nominal}{\eta }_{V_{nominal}}},$$

where

• ṁ_nominal is the Nominal mass flow rate parameter.

• ω_nominal is the Nominal shaft speed parameter.

• η_Vnominal is the Nominal volumetric efficiency parameter.

The block calculates the nominal inlet specific volume, v_s, based upon the Nominal conditions specification parameter. When you select Nominal pressure ratio, the block uses the Nominal inlet pressure and Nominal inlet temperature parameters.

The block conserves mass such that

$${\dot{m}}_A+{\dot{m}}_B=0,$$

where ṁ_A and ṁ_B are the mass flow rates of ports A and B, respectively. The block conserves energy such that

$${\varphi }_A+{\varphi }_B+{\dot{m}}_A\Delta h_t=0,$$

where Δh_t is the change in specific total enthalpy, and ṁ_AΔh_t is the fluid power.

The block equates the fluid power to the polytropic power such that

$${\eta }_M\tau =\frac{n}{n-1}{\eta }_V{p}_{in}{V}_{disp}\left[{\left(\frac{p_{out}}{p_{in}}\right)}^{\frac{n-1}{n}}-1\right],$$

where η_M is the Mechanical efficiency parameter, and τ is the shaft torque.

Visualizing the Volumetric Efficiency

To visualize the block volumetric efficiency, right-click the block and select Fluids > Plot Volumetric Efficiency.

Each time you modify the block settings, click Reload Data on the figure window.

When you set Volumetric efficiency parameterization to Analytical, the block plots compressor volumetric efficiency vs. pressure ratio.

Analytical Parameterization Default Volumetric Efficiency

When you set Volumetric efficiency parameterization to Tabulated, the block plots compressor volumetric efficiency vs. pressure ratio for each entry in the Shaft speed vector, w.

Tabulated Parameterization Default Volumetric Efficiency

Assumptions and Limitations

• The block may not be accurate for flow from port B to port A.

• The block assumes that the flow is quasi-steady: the compressor does not accumulate mass.

Ports

Conserving

A — Compressor inlet

gas

Gas conserving port associated with the compressor inlet.

B — Compressor outlet

gas

Gas conserving port associated with the compressor outlet.

C — Compressor casing

mechanical rotational

Mechanical rotational conserving port associated with the compressor case.

R — Compressor shaft

mechanical rotational

Mechanical rotational conserving port associated with the compressor shaft.

Parameters

Displacement specification — Option to specify displacement by volume or nominal conditions

Volumetric displacement (default) | Nominal mass flow rate and shaft speed

Whether to specify the fluid displacement according to volume per cycle or nominal condition values.

Displacement volume — Displacement volume

130 cm^3/rev (default) | positive scalar

Fluid volume displaced per cycle. The block defines a cycle as one compression stroke and one expansion stroke, which occur during a single crank shaft revolution. This volume is the difference between the maximum cylinder volume and the clearance volume, (V_a-V_c). In general, the displacement volume is the volume swept out by the compressor over one shaft revolution.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Displacement specification to Volumetric displacement.

Nominal mass flow rate — Nominal mass flow rate

0.01 kg/s (default) | positive scalar

Nominal mass flow rate that the block uses to find the displacement volume.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Displacement specification to Nominal mass flow rate and shaft speed.

Nominal shaft speed — Nominal shaft speed

1000 rpm (default) | positive scalar

Nominal shaft speed that the block uses to find the displacement volume.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Displacement specification to Nominal mass flow rate and shaft speed.

Nominal inlet pressure — Nominal inlet pressure

0.101325 MPa (default) | positive scalar

Nominal inlet pressure that the block uses the find the displacement volume.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Displacement specification to Nominal mass flow rate and shaft speed.

Nominal inlet temperature — Nominal inlet temperature

293.15 K (default) | positive scalar

Nominal inlet temperature that the block uses to find the displacement volume.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Displacement specification to Nominal mass flow rate and shaft speed.

Volumetric efficiency parameterization — Option to parameterize volumetric efficiency analytically or using tables

Analytical (default) | Tabulated

Whether to parameterize the displacement volumetric efficiency using analytical equations or tabulated data.

Nominal volumetric efficiency — Nominal volumetric efficiency

0.95 (default) | positive scalar

Nominal volumetric efficiency to compute the clearance volume fraction. The nominal volumetric efficiency is the volumetric efficiency when the compressor operates at nominal conditions.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Volumetric efficiency parameterization to Analytical.

Nominal pressure ratio — Nominal pressure ratio

5 (default) | positive scalar

Nominal pressure ratio to compute the clearance volume fraction.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Nominal conditions specification to Nominal pressure ratio and Volumetric efficiency parameterization to Analytical.

Pressure ratio vector, pr — Pressure ratio vector

[2, 4, 6, 8] (default) | vector of length N

Vector of pressure ratios corresponding to the compressor volumetric efficiency. Each element corresponds to a column of the Volumetric efficiency table, eta(pr,w) parameter.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Volumetric efficiency parameterization to Tabulated.

Shaft speed vector, w — Shaft speed vector

[800, 1500, 2800, 3300, 4000] rpm (default) | vector of length M

Vector of shaft speeds corresponding to the compressor volumetric efficiency. Each element corresponds to a row of the Volumetric efficiency table, eta(pr,w) parameter.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Volumetric efficiency parameterization to Tabulated.

Volumetric efficiency table, eta(pr,w) — Volumetric efficiency

[.95, .9, .85, .8, .75; .925, .875, .825, .775, .725; .875, .825, .775, .725, .675; .75, .7, .65, .6, .55] (default) | M-by-N matrix

Volumetric efficiency for a given shaft speed and pressure ratio.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Volumetric efficiency parameterization to Tabulated.

Polytropic exponent — Polytropic exponent

1.2 (default) | positive scalar

Exponent that the block uses when implementing the polytropic pressure-volume relationship.

Mechanical efficiency — Compressor mechanical efficiency

0.9 (default) | positive scalar

Ratio of the fluid power to the mechanical shaft power.

Inlet area at port A — Inlet area

0.01 m^2 (default) | positive scalar

Inlet area associated with port A.

Outlet area at port B — Outlet area

0.01 m^2 (default) | positive scalar

Outlet area associated with port B.

References

[1] Mitchell and Braun, Principles of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning in Buildings, chap. SM6, 2012.

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

Version History

Introduced in R2022a