# SVPWM Generator (2-Level)

Generate pulses for SVPWM-controlled two-level converter

## Library

Simscape / Electrical / Specialized Power Systems / Power Electronics / Power Electronics Control

## Description

The SVPWM Generator (2-Level) block generates pulses for three-phase two-level DC/AC converters using the space-vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique.

The converter switches are represented by the following equivalent circuit:

As shown in the following figure, the objective of the SVPWM technique is to approximate the reference voltage vector (Uref) instantaneously by combining the switching states corresponding to the basic space vectors.

More precisely, for every PWM period, the reference vector Uref is averaged by using its two adjacent space vectors (U3 and U4 in the figure) for a certain duration of time and a null vector (U7 or U8) for the rest of the period.

VectorQ1Q3Q5
U1100
U2110
U3010
U4011
U5001
U6101
U7000
U8111

The block implements two symmetrical switching patterns[1]:

Pattern #1: With this pattern, known as Software-Determined, each PWM channel switches twice per every PWM period.

Pattern #2: With this pattern, known as Hardware-Determined, one PWM channel remains constant for the entire PWM period. Consequently, the number of switching times for this pattern is less than pattern #1. As a result, switching losses are reduced with Pattern #2.

## Parameters

Data type of input reference vector (Uref)

Specify the type of reference vector.

When set to `Magnitude-Angle (rad)` (default), the Uref vector is specified by the following inputs:

|U| ```Magnitude of Uref (value between 0 and 1)```

When set to `alpha-beta components`, the Uref vector is specified by the Uα and Uβ inputs.

When set to `Internally generated`, the Uref is no longer an input to the block. It is internally generated in order to control the converter output voltage as specified in the output voltage parameter.

Switching pattern

When set to `Pattern #1` (default), every device of the converter switches twice per every PWM period.

When set to `Pattern #2`, the status of one of the three arms stays constant (no switching) for the entire PWM period.

PWM frequency (Hz)

Specify the PWM frequency that determines the PWM period.

`$PWMperiod=1/PWMFrequency$`

Default is `2000`.

Output voltage: [ Mag (0<m<1), Phase (degrees), Freq (Hz)]

Specify the magnitude, phase, and frequency of the output voltage of the two level converter controlled by the block. Default is ```[0.8 -30 50]```. The magnitude of the fundamental component of the converter line-to-line output voltage is defined as

`${V}_{LLrms}=m×\frac{{V}_{dc}}{\sqrt{2}}$`

This parameter is visible only when the Data type of input reference vector Uref parameter is set to ```Internally generated```.

Sample time

Specify the sample time of the block, in seconds. Set to 0 to implement a continuous block. Default is `0`.

## Inputs and Outputs

`Uref`

When the Data type of input reference vector Uref parameter is set to `Magnitude-Angle (rad)`, the two block inputs are the magnitude and the phase, in radians, of the rotating reference vector Uref.

When the Data type of input reference vector Uref parameter is set to `alpha-beta components`, the two block inputs are the alpha-beta components of Uref.

The output contains the six pulse signals to fire the self-commutated devices (Q1 to Q6) of a converter device.

## Characteristics

 Sample Time Specified in the Sample Time parameter Continuous if Sample Time = 0 Scalar Expansion No Dimensionalized No

## Examples

The `power_SVPWMGenerator2Level` model uses two simple circuits to show how the SVPWM Generator (2-Level) works and to compare the two switching pattern options. Run the simulation and open the FFT Analysis tool of the Powergui block to see the harmonics and the THD value of the voltages produced by the two converters.

The model sample time is parameterized by the Ts variable set to a default value of 2e-6 s. Set Ts to 0 in the command window and change the Simulation type parameter of the Powergui block to `Continuous` to simulate the model in continuous mode.

## References

[1] Yu, Z., Application Report SPRA524, Space-Vector PWM with TMS320C24x Using H/W & S/W Determined Switching Patterns, Texas Instruments, 1999.

Introduced in R2013a