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Defectos de buenas prácticas

Defectos que permiten observar buenas prácticas de codificación, como la detección del tamaño del buffer de memoria codificado directamente o de parámetros de función no utilizados

Estos defectos le permiten observar buenas prácticas de codificación. Por sí solos, los defectos pueden no causar un fallo en tiempo de ejecución, pero en ocasiones indican errores lógicos más graves en el código. Los defectos también pueden hacer que el código sea vulnerable a ataques y difícil de mantener. Entre estos defectos se incluyen:

Constantes codificadas directamente, como tamaños de buffer o límites de bucle
Problemas que dificultan la legibilidad del código
Posibles errores de codificación
Ausencia de const

Resultados de Polyspace

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Problemas de legibilidad del código

`Ambiguous declaration syntax`	Declaration syntax can be interpreted as object declaration or part of function declaration
`Incorrectly indented statement`	Statement indentation incorrectly makes it appear as part of a block
`Invalid scientific notation format`	the use of an invalid format makes the code less readable (Desde R2022b)
`Line with more than one statement`	Multiple statements on a line

Duplicación de código

`Duplicated code`	A section of code is duplicated in other places (Desde R2023a)
`Partially duplicated code`	A section of code is duplicated in other places with very minor changes (Desde R2023a)

Constantes codificadas directamente

`Hard-coded buffer size`	Size of memory buffer is a numerical value instead of symbolic constant
`Hard-coded loop boundary`	Loop boundary is a numerical value instead of symbolic constant
`Hard-coded object size used to manipulate memory`	Memory manipulation with hard-coded size instead of `sizeof`

Ausencia de Const

`Method not const`	A method that can be made `const` is not marked `const` (Desde R2022a)
`Public static field not const`	A `static` and `public` field of a `struct` or `class` is not marked as a `const` (Desde R2022a)
`Unmodified variable not const-qualified`	Variable not `const`-qualified but variable value not modified during lifetime

Macros propensas a un uso incorrecto

`Macro terminated with a semicolon`	Macro definition ends with a semicolon
`Macro with multiple statements`	Macro consists of multiple semicolon-terminated statements, enclosed in braces or not

Condicionales, instrucciones switch y bucles mal formulados

`Missing break of switch case`	`case` block of `switch` statement does not end in a `break`, `[[fallthrough]]` or explanatory comment
`Possibly inappropriate data type for switch expression`	`switch` expression has a data type other than char, short, int or enum
`Semicolon on same line as if, for or while statement`	Semicolon on same line results in empty body of `if`, `for` or `while` statement

Mala gestión de la memoria

`Delete of void pointer`	`delete` operates on a `void*` pointer pointing to an object
`Missing overload of allocation or deallocation function`	Only one function in an allocation-deallocation function pair is overloaded
`Missing reset of a freed pointer`	Pointer `free` not followed by a reset statement to clear leftover data

Falta de adhesión a las prácticas recomendadas de C++

`C++ reference to const-qualified type with subsequent modification`	Reference to `const`-qualified type is subsequently modified
`C++ reference type qualified with const or volatile`	Reference type declared with a redundant `const` or `volatile` qualifier
`Declaration of catch for generic exception`	A `catch` block handles a generic exception that might have many different subtypes (Desde R2022a)
`Declaration of throw for generic exception`	A function throws a generic exception, which might have many subtypes (Desde R2022a)
`Reference to un-named temporary`	Local reference is declared by using unnamed temporary variable that a function returns by value (Desde R2023a)

Uso de construcciones prohibidas u obsoletas

`Incorrect syntax of flexible array member size`	Flexible array member defined with size zero or one
`Use of a forbidden function`	Use of function that appears in a blocklist of forbidden functions
`Use of a forbidden keyword`	Use of keyword that appears in a blocklist of forbidden keywords (Desde R2022a)
`Use of a forbidden macro`	Use of macro that appears in a blocklist of forbidden macros (Desde R2022b)
`Use of setjmp/longjmp`	`setjmp` and `longjmp` cause deviation from normal control flow

Otros

`Bitwise and arithmetic operation on the same data`	Statement with mixed bitwise and arithmetic operations
`File does not compile`	File has a compilation error (Desde R2021a)
`Unused parameter`	Function prototype has parameters not read or written in function body
`Unused variable`	Variable defined or declared but not read (Desde R2024a)
`Useless expressions in sizeof operand`	`sizeof` operand contains expression that is not evaluated
`Useless include`	An include directive is present but not used (Desde R2022b)
`Useless capture`	Lambda captures objects but does not use the objects (Desde R2024b)

Temas

Bug Finder Defect Groups
The Bug Finder defect checkers are classified into groups such as data flow, concurrency, numerical, and so on.