optstockbyls

Price European, Bermudan, or American vanilla options using Monte Carlo simulations

Syntax

Price = optstockbyls(RateSpec,StockSpec,OptSpec,Strike,Settle,ExerciseDates)

Price = optstockbyls(___,Name,Value)

[Price,Path,Times,Z] = optstockbyls(RateSpec,StockSpec,OptSpec,Strike,Settle,ExerciseDates)

[Price,Path,Times,Z] = optstockbyls(___,Name,Value)

Description

Price = optstockbyls(RateSpec,StockSpec,OptSpec,Strike,Settle,ExerciseDates) returns vanilla option prices using the Longstaff-Schwartz model. optstockbyls computes prices of European, Bermudan, and American vanilla options.

For American and Bermudan options, the Longstaff-Schwartz least squares method is used to calculate the early exercise premium.

Note

Alternatively, you can use the Vanilla object to price vanilla options. For more information, see Get Started with Workflows Using Object-Based Framework for Pricing Financial Instruments.

Price = optstockbyls(___,Name,Value)adds optional name-value pair arguments.

[Price,Path,Times,Z] = optstockbyls(RateSpec,StockSpec,OptSpec,Strike,Settle,ExerciseDates) returns vanilla option prices using the Longstaff-Schwartz model.

[Price,Path,Times,Z] = optstockbyls(___,Name,Value) adds optional name-value pair arguments.

Examples

Compute the Price of European Vanilla Option

Define the RateSpec.

StartDates = datetime(2013,1,1);
EndDates = datetime(2015,1,1);
Rates = 0.05;
RateSpec = intenvset('ValuationDate', StartDates, 'StartDates', StartDates, ...
'EndDates', EndDates, 'Rates', Rates)

RateSpec = struct with fields:
           FinObj: 'RateSpec'
      Compounding: 2
             Disc: 0.9060
            Rates: 0.0500
         EndTimes: 4
       StartTimes: 0
         EndDates: 735965
       StartDates: 735235
    ValuationDate: 735235
            Basis: 0
     EndMonthRule: 1

Define the StockSpec for the asset.

AssetPrice = 100;
Sigma = 0.1;
StockSpec = stockspec(Sigma, AssetPrice)

StockSpec = struct with fields:
             FinObj: 'StockSpec'
              Sigma: 0.1000
         AssetPrice: 100
       DividendType: []
    DividendAmounts: 0
    ExDividendDates: []

Define the European vanilla option.

OptSpec = 'put';
Settle = datetime(2013,1,1);
ExerciseDates = datetime(2015,1,1);
Strike = 105;

Compute the European vanilla option price using the Longstaff-Schwartz model.

Antithetic = true;
Price = optstockbyls(RateSpec, StockSpec, OptSpec, Strike, Settle, ...
ExerciseDates, 'Antithetic', Antithetic)

Price = 
3.2292

Compute the Price of Bermudan Vanilla Option

Define the RateSpec.

StartDates = datetime(2013,1,1);
EndDates = datetime(2015,1,1);
Rates = 0.05;
RateSpec = intenvset('ValuationDate', StartDates, 'StartDates', StartDates, ...
'EndDates', EndDates, 'Rates', Rates)

RateSpec = struct with fields:
           FinObj: 'RateSpec'
      Compounding: 2
             Disc: 0.9060
            Rates: 0.0500
         EndTimes: 4
       StartTimes: 0
         EndDates: 735965
       StartDates: 735235
    ValuationDate: 735235
            Basis: 0
     EndMonthRule: 1

Define the StockSpec for the asset.

AssetPrice = 100;
Sigma = 0.1;
StockSpec = stockspec(Sigma, AssetPrice)

StockSpec = struct with fields:
             FinObj: 'StockSpec'
              Sigma: 0.1000
         AssetPrice: 100
       DividendType: []
    DividendAmounts: 0
    ExDividendDates: []

Define the Bermudan vanilla option.

OptSpec = 'put';
Settle = datetime(2013,1,1);
Strike = [105,106];
ExerciseDates = {datetime(2014,1,1),datetime(2015,1,1)};

Compute the Bermudan vanilla option price using the Longstaff-Schwartz model.

Price = optstockbyls(RateSpec, StockSpec, OptSpec, Strike, Settle, ExerciseDates)

Price = 
4.5126

Input Arguments

RateSpec — Interest-rate term structure

structure

Interest-rate term structure (annualized and continuously compounded), specified by the RateSpec obtained from intenvset. For information on the interest-rate specification, see intenvset.

Data Types: struct

StockSpec — Stock specification for underlying asset

structure

Stock specification for underlying asset, specified using StockSpec obtained from stockspec. For information on the stock specification, see stockspec.

stockspec can handle other types of underlying assets. For example, stocks, stock indices, and commodities.

Data Types: struct

OptSpec — Definition of option

character vector with value 'call' or 'put'

Definition of option, specified as 'call' or 'put' using a character vector.

Data Types: char

Strike — Option strike price values

nonnegative scalar integer

Option strike price value, specified with nonnegative scalar integer:

• For a European option, use a scalar of strike price.

• For a Bermuda option, use a 1-by-NSTRIKES vector of strike prices.

• For an American option, use a scalar of strike price.

Data Types: single | double

Settle — Settlement date or trade date

datetime scalar | string scalar | date character vector

Settlement date or trade date for the vanilla option, specified as a scalar datetime, string, or date character vector.

To support existing code, optstockbyls also accepts serial date numbers as inputs, but they are not recommended.

ExerciseDates — Option exercise dates

datetime array | string array | date character vector

Option exercise dates, specified as a datetime array, string array, or date character vectors as follows:

• For a European option, use a 1-by-1 vector of dates. For a European option, there is only one ExerciseDates on the option expiry date.

• For a Bermuda option, use a 1-by-NSTRIKES vector of dates.

• For an American option, use a 1-by-2 vector of exercise date boundaries. The option can be exercised on any date between or including the pair of dates on that row. If only one non-NaN date is listed, or if ExerciseDates is a 1-by-1 cell array of character vectors, the option can be exercised between Settle and the single listed ExerciseDates.

To support existing code, optstockbyls also accepts serial date numbers as inputs, but they are not recommended.

Name-Value Arguments

Specify optional pairs of arguments as Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN, where Name is the argument name and Value is the corresponding value. Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the pairs does not matter.

Before R2021a, use commas to separate each name and value, and enclose Name in quotes.

Example: Price = optstockbyls(RateSpec,StockSpec,OptSpec,Strike,Settle,ExerciseDates,'AmericanOpt','1','NumTrials','2000')

AmericanOpt — Option type

0 European or Bermuda (default) | scalar with values [0,1]

Option type, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'AmericanOpt' and positive integer scalar flags with values:

• 0 — European or Bermuda

• 1 — American

Note

For American and Bermudan options, the Longstaff-Schwartz least squares method is used to calculate the early exercise premium. For more information on the least squares method, see https://people.math.ethz.ch/%7Ehjfurrer/teaching/LongstaffSchwartzAmericanOptionsLeastSquareMonteCarlo.pdf.

Data Types: double

NumTrials — Simulation trials

1000 (default) | scalar

Simulation trials, specified as a scalar number of independent sample paths.

Data Types: double

NumPeriods — Simulation periods per trial

100 (default) | scalar

Simulation periods per trial, specified as a scalar number. NumPeriods is considered only when pricing European vanilla options. For American and Bermuda vanilla options, NumPeriod is equal to the number of Exercise days during the life of the option.

Data Types: double

Z — Dependent random variates

scalar | nonnegative integer

Dependent random variates used to generate the Brownian motion vector (that is, Wiener processes) that drive the simulation, specified as a be NumPeriods-by-1-by-NumTrials 3-D time series array.

Data Types: double

Antithetic — Indicator for antithetic sampling

false (default) | logical flag with value of true or false

Indicator for antithetic sampling, specified with a value of true or false.

Data Types: logical

Output Arguments

Price — Expected price of vanilla option

scalar

Expected price of the vanilla option, returned as a 1-by-1 scalar.

Path — Simulated paths of correlated state variables

vector

Simulated paths of correlated state variables, returned as a (NumPeriods + 1) -by-1-by-NumTrials 3-D time series array. Each row of Paths is the transpose of the state vector X(t) at time t for a given trial.

Times — Observation times associated with simulated paths

vector

Observation times associated with simulated paths, returned as a (NumPeriods + 1)-by-1 column vector of observation times associated with the simulated paths. Each element of Times is associated with the corresponding row of Paths.

Z — Dependent random variates

vector

Dependent random variates, if Z is specified as an optional input argument, the same value is returned. Otherwise, Z contains the random variates generated internally.

More About

Vanilla Option

A vanilla option is a category of options that includes only the most standard components.

A vanilla option has an expiration date and straightforward strike price. American-style options and European-style options are both categorized as vanilla options.

The payoff for a vanilla option is as follows:

• For a call: $$\max (St-K,0)$$

• For a put: $$\max (K-St,0)$$

where:

St is the price of the underlying asset at time t.

K is the strike price.

For more information, see Vanilla Option.

Version History

Introduced in R2013b

R2022b: Serial date numbers not recommended

Although optstockbyls supports serial date numbers, datetime values are recommended instead. The datetime data type provides flexible date and time formats, storage out to nanosecond precision, and properties to account for time zones and daylight saving time.

To convert serial date numbers or text to datetime values, use the datetime function. For example:

t = datetime(738427.656845093,"ConvertFrom","datenum");
y = year(t)

y =

        2021

There are no plans to remove support for serial date number inputs.