Amplifier

Model amplifier in RF systems

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Libraries:
RF Blockset / Circuit Envelope / Elements

Description

Use the Amplifier block to model a linear or nonlinear amplifier, with or without noise. Defining the amplifier gain using a data source also defines input data visualization and modeling. Use the Main tab parameters to specify amplifier gain and noise using data sheet values, standard s2p files, S-parameters, or circuit envelope polynomial coefficients.

The amplifier is implemented as a polynomial, voltage-controlled voltage source (VCVS) except when the amplifier gain is obtained from a Data source. The VCVS includes nonlinearities that are described using parameters listed in the Nonlinearity tab. To model linear amplification, the amplifier implements the relation V_out = a₁*V_in between the input and output voltages. The input voltage is V_i(t) = A_i(t)e^jωt, and the output voltage is V_o(t) = A_o(t)e^jωt at each carrier w = 2πf in the RF Blockset™ environment.

In case the amplifier gain is obtained from a data source, amplifier implementation is based on S-parameter data. Nonlinear amplification is modeled as a polynomial (with the saturation power computed automatically). It also produces additional intermodulation frequencies.

Amplifier block mask icons are dynamic and show the current state of the applied noise parameter. This table shows you how the icons on this block vary based on the state of the Noise figure (dB) parameter on the block.

Noise Figure (dB): 10	Noise Figure (dB): 0

Examples

Spot Noise Data in Amplifiers and Effects on Measured Noise Figure

A test bench model to describe the noise introduced by a 2-port device.

• Open Script

Validating IP2/IP3 Using Complex Signals

Run a two-tone experiment to measure the second- and third-order intercept points of an amplifier.

• Open Script

Impact of Thermal Noise on Communication System Performance

Model thermal noise in a super-heterodyne RF receiver and measure its effects on a communications system noise figure and bit error rate.

• Open Model

Executable Specification of Direct Conversion Receiver

Simulate the sensitivity performance of a direct conversion architecture with the following RF impairments.

• Open Script

Parameters

Main

Source of amplifier gain — Amplifier gain source

Available power gain (default) | Open circuit voltage gain | Data source | Polynomial coefficients | AM/AM-AM/PM table

Source of the amplifier gain, specified as one of the following:

• Available power gain — The block uses the Available power gain parameter to calculate a₁, the linear voltage gain term of the polynomial VCVS. This calculation assumes a matched load termination for the amplifier.

• Open circuit voltage gain — The block uses the Open circuit voltage gain parameter to calculate a₁, the linear voltage gain term of the polynomial VCVS.

• Data source — The block uses the Data source parameter to calculate the linear voltage gain. When you use the data source option, the block uses S₁₁ and S₂₂ as the input and output impedances.

• Polynomial coefficients — The block uses the Polynomial coefficients parameter to calculate the nonlinear voltage gain.

• AM/AM-AM/PM table — The block uses the AM/AM-AM/PM table parameter to determine the power characteristics of the amplifier.

Available power gain — Available power gain

0 dB (default) | scalar

Available power gain of amplifier, specified as a scalar in dB. Specify the units from the corresponding drop-down list.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, choose Available power gain in the Source of amplifier gain tab.

Open circuit voltage gain — Open circuit voltage gain

0 dB (default) | scalar

Open circuit voltage of amplifier, specified as a scalar in dB. Specify the units from the corresponding drop-down list.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, choose Open circuit voltage gain in the Source of amplifier gain tab.

Data source — Data source

Data File (default) | Network-parameters | Rational Model

Data source, specified as one of the following:

• Data file — Name of a Touchstone file with the extension.s2p.

• Network-parameters — Provide Network parameter data such as S-parameters, Y-parameters, and Z-parameters with corresponding Frequency and Reference impedance (ohms) for the amplifier.

• Rational model — Provide values for Residues, Poles, and Direct feedthrough parameters which correspond to the equation for a rational model

  $$F(s)=\left({\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^n\frac{C_k}{s-A_k}+D}\right)\begin{array}{cc},& s=j2\pi f\end{array}$$

  In this rational model equation, each C_k is the residue of the pole A_k. If C_k is complex, a corresponding complex conjugate pole and residue must also be enumerated. This object has the properties C, A, and D. You can use these properties to specify the Residues, Poles, and Direct feedthrough parameters.

When the amplifier is nonlinear, the nonlinearity applies only to the S21 term of the scattering parameters representing the 2-port element. In this case, S21 is frequency-independent with its constant value being either the maximal value of S21, or the S21 value at an Operation frequency specified by the user. The other scattering parameters, S11, S12, and S22 remain the same as in the linear case.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, select Data source in Source of amplifier gain tab.

Polynomial coefficients — Polynomial coefficients

[0 1] (default) | vector

Order of polynomial, specified as a vector.

The order of the polynomial must be less than or equal to 9. The coefficients are ordered in ascending powers. If a vector has 10 coefficients, [a0,a1,a2, ... a9], the polynomial it represents is:

V_out = a₀ + a₁V_in + a₂V_in² + ...  + a₉V_in⁹

where a₁ represents the linear gain term, and higher-order terms are modeled according to [1].

For example, the vector [a0,a1,a2,a3] specifies the relation V_out = a₀ + a₁V₁ + a₂V₁² + a₃V₁³. Trailing zeroes are omitted. So, [a0,a1,a2] defines the same polynomial as [a0,a1,a2, 0]. The default value of this parameter is [0,1], corresponding to the linear relation V_out = V_in.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, select Polynomial coefficients in Source of amplifier gain tab.

AM/AM-AM/PM table — Lookup table

[ -25, 5, -1; -10, 20, -2; 0, 27, 5; 5, 28, 12 ] (default) | M-by-3 real matrix

Table lookup entries specified as a real M-by-3 matrix. The second column of the matrix represents the AM/AM–AM/PM model output power in dBm. The third column represents the model phase change in degrees. The second and third column values are related to the absolute value of the power of the input signal represented in the first column of matrix. The input power in the first column must increase monotonically.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Source of amplifier gain to AM/AM - AM/PM table.

Network-parameter object — Network parameter objects as data source

off (default) | on

Select this parameter to use a network parameter object as the source of amplifier gain.

Once you select this parameter, in the text box that opens, specify one of these:

• Network parameter object.

• MATLAB^® base workspace variable or a Simulink^® model workspace variable. The block evaluates if the specified variable is a network parameter object.

The network parameter objects that you can specify include:

• sparameters

• yparameters

• zparameters

• gparameters

• hparameters

• abcdparameters

• tparameters

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, first select Data source in Source of amplifier gain, and then select Network-parameters in Data source.

Network parameter type — Network parameter type

S-parameters (default) | Y-parameters | Z-parameters

Network parameter type, specified as S-parameters, Y-parameters, or Z-parameters.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, first select Data source in Source of amplifier gain and then, select Network-parameters in the Data source.

Input impedance (Ohm) — Input impedance

50 (default) | positive scalar

Input impedance of amplifier, specified as a positive scalar in ohms.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, select Available power gain, Open circuit voltage gain, or Polynomial coefficients in Source of amplifier gain.

Output impedance (Ohm) — Output impedance

50 (default) | positive scalar

Output impedance of amplifier, specified as a positive scalar in ohms.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, select Available power gain, Open circuit voltage gain, or Polynomial coefficients in Source of amplifier gain.

Data file — Name of network parameter data file

unitygain.s2p (default) | character vector

Name of network parameter data file, specified as a character vector.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, first select Data source in Source of amplifier gain and then, select Data file in Data source.

Frequency (dB) — Frequency of network parameters

1e9 Hz (default) | scalar | Hz | kHz | MHz | GHz

Frequency of network parameters, specified as a scalar in Hz.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, first select Data source in Source of amplifier gain and then, select Network-parameters in Data source.

Reference Impedance(Ohm) — Reference impedance of network parameters

50 (default) | positive scalar | vector of positive scalars

Reference impedance of network parameters, specified as a positive scalar or vector of positive scalars in ohms.

Note

The reference impedance of all the ports must be equal when you specify it as a vector of positive scalars.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, first select Data source in Source of amplifier gain and then, select Network-parameters in Data source.

Use rational object — Rational object as data source

off (default) | on

Select this parameter to use a rational object as the data source to model amplifier gain.

Once you select this parameter, in the text box that opens, specify one of these:

• rational object.

• MATLAB base workspace variable or a Simulink model workspace variable. The block evaluates if the specified variable is a rational object."

The rational objects that you can specify include:

• rational

• rationalfit

• rfmodel.rational

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, first select Data source in Source of amplifier gain, and then select Rational model in Data source.

Residues — Residues in order of rational model

0 (default) | vector

Residues in order of rational model, specified as a vector.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, first select Data source in Source of amplifier gain and then, select Rational model in Data source.

Poles — Residues in order of rational model

0 (default) | vector

Poles in order of rational model, specified as a vector.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, first select Data source in Source of amplifier gain and then, select Rational model in Data source.

Direct feedthrough — Direct feedthrough

{0 0:1 0} (default) | array of vectors

Direct feedthrough, specified as an array vector.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, first select Data source in Source of amplifier gain and then, select Rational model in Data source.

Ground and hide negative terminals — Ground RF circuit terminals

on (default) | off

Select this option to ground and hide the negative terminals. Clear this parameter to expose the negative terminals. By exposing these terminals, you can connect them to other parts of your model.

By default, this option is selected.

Nonlinearity

Nonlinear polynomial type — Type of nonlinearity

Even and odd order (default) | Odd order

Type of nonlinearity, specified as Even and odd order or Odd order.

• When you select Even and odd order, the amplifier can produce second- and third-order intermodulation frequencies in addition to a linear term.

• When you select Odd order, the amplifier generates only odd order intermodulation frequencies.

  The linear gain determines the linear a₁ term. The block calculates the remaining terms from the specified parameters. These parameters are IP3, 1-dB gain compression power, Output saturation power, and Gain compression at saturation. The number of constraints you specify determines the order of the model. The figure shows the graphical definition of the nonlinear amplifier parameters.

  

Intercept points convention — Intercept points convention

Output (default) | Input

Intercept points convention, specified a Input-referred, or Output-referred convention. Use this specification for the intercept points, 1-dB gain compression power, and saturation power.

IP2 — Second-order intercept point

infdBm (default) | scalar | W | mW | dBW | dBm

Second-order intercept point, specified as a scalar.

Dependencies

To set this parameter, select Even and odd order in Nonlinear polynomial type.

IP3 — Third-order intercept point

infdBm (default) | scalar | W | mW | dBW | dBm

Third-order intercept point, specified as a scalar.

1-dB gain compression power — 1-dB gain compression power

inf dBm (default) | scalar | W | mW | dBW | dBm

1-dB gain compression power, specified as a scalar.

Dependencies

To set this parameter, select Odd order in Nonlinear polynomial type.

Output saturation power — Output saturation power

inf dBm (default) | scalar | W | mW | dBW | dBm

Output saturation power, specified as scalar. The block uses this value to calculate the voltage saturation point used in the nonlinear model. In this case, the first derivative of the polynomial is zero, and the second derivative is negative.

Dependencies

To set this parameter, select Odd order in Nonlinear polynomial type.

Gain compression at saturation — Gain compression at saturation

inf dBm (default) | scalar | W | mW | dBW | dBm

Gain compression at saturation, specified as scalar.

When Nonlinear polynomial type is Odd order, specify the gain compression at saturation.

Dependencies

To set this parameter, first select Odd order in Nonlinear polynomial type. Then, change the default value of Output saturation power.

Use operation frequency at maximum S21 magnitude — Specify operation frequency

off (default) | on

Select this parameter to specify operation frequency at the maximum magnitude of S21.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter:

• First, choose Data source in the Source of amplifier gain parameter on theMain tab.

• Second, specify the nonlinearity in the Nonlinearity tab.

• And finally, click the Apply button.

Operation frequency — Operation frequency

1 GHz (default) | scalar | finite vector | Hz | KHz | MHz | GHz

Operation frequency, specified as a scalar or finite vector.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter:

• First, choose Data source in the Source of amplifier gain parameter on theMain tab.

• Second, specify the nonlinearity in the Nonlinearity tab.

• And finally, click the Apply button.

Note

If the Use constant S21 and nonlinearity parameter is selected, clear this parameter to enable the Operation frequency parameter.

Use constant S21 and nonlinearity — Operation frequency

off (default) | on

Select this parameter to use the constant magnitude of S21 and nonlinearity in your amplifier model.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter:

• First, choose Data source in the Source of amplifier gain parameter on theMain tab.

• Second, specify the nonlinearity in the Nonlinearity tab.

• And finally, click the Apply button.

Plot Power Characteristics — Amplifier nonlinear power curve visualization

button (default)

Use this button to plot the power characteristics of the amplifier based on the nonlinearity parameters specified on the Nonlinearity tab. When you clear the Use constant S21 and nonlinearity parameter, the power curve reflects the amplifier power measured at the frequency specified in the Operation frequency parameter.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Source of amplifier gain in the Main tab to Available power gain, Open circuit voltage gain, or Data source.

Noise

Simulate noise — Simulate thermal noise

on (default) | off

Select this parameter, to simulate noise as specified in block parameters or on file.

If the noise is specified in an .s2p file, then it is used for simulation.

Noise type — Noise type

Noise figure (default) | Spot noise data

Noise type, specified as Noise figure or Spot noise data.

Noise distribution — Noise distribution

White (default) | Piece-wise linear | Colored

Noise distribution, specified as:

• White, spectral density is a single non-negative value. The power value of the noise depends on the bandwidth of the carrier and the bandwidth depends on the time step. This is an uncorrelated noise source.

• Piece-wise linear, spectral density is a vector of values [p_i]. For each carrier, the noise source behaves like a white uncorrelated noise. The power of the noise source is carrier-dependent.

• Colored, depends on both carrier and bandwidth. This is a correlated noise source.

Noise figure (dB) — Noise figure

0 (default) | scalar

Noise figure, specified as a scalar in decibels.

Frequencies — Frequency data

0 Hz (default) | real scalar | finite vector

Frequency data, specified as a real scalar or finite vector in Hz, kHz, MHz, or GHz.

Dependencies

To set this parameter, first select Piece-wise linear or Colored in Noise distribution.

Minimum noise figure (dB) — Minimum noise figure

0 (default) | scalar | finite vector

Minimum noise figure, specified as a scalar or finite vector in decibels.

Dependencies

To set this parameter, first select Spot noise data in Noise type.

Optimal reflection coefficient — Optimal reflection coefficient

0 (default) | scalar | finite vector

Optimal reflection coefficient, specified as a scalar or a finite vector.

Dependencies

To set this parameter, first select Spot noise data in Noise type.

Equivalent normalized noise resistance — Equivalent normalized noise resistance

0 (default) | scalar | finite vector

Equivalent normalized noise resistance, specified as a scalar or finite vector.

Dependencies

To set this parameter, first select Spot noise data in Noise type.

Automatically estimate impulse response duration — Automatically estimate impulse response duration

on (default) | off

Select this parameter to automatically calculate impulse response for frequency dependent noises. Clear this parameter to manually specify the impulse response duration using Impulse response duration. You cannot specify impulse response when amplifier is nonlinear, as in this case noise is simulated as white-noise.

Dependencies

To set this parameter, first select Colored in Noise distribution.

Impulse response duration — Impulse response duration

1e-10s (default) | scalar

Impulse response duration used to simulate frequency dependent noise, specified as a scalar in seconds. You cannot specify impulse response if the amplifier is nonlinear.

Dependencies

To set this parameter, first clear Automatically estimate impulse response duration.

Modeling

Modeling options — Model S-parameters

Time domain (default) | Frequency domain

Model S-parameters, specified as:

• Time domain technique creates an analytical rational model that approximates the whole range of the data. When modeling using Time domain, the Plot in Visualization tab plots the data defined in Data Source and the values in the rationalfit function.

• Frequency domain computes the baseband impulse response for each carrier frequency independently. This technique is based on convolution. There is an option to specify the duration of the impulse response. For more information, see Compare Time and Frequency Domain Simulation Options for S-parameters.

• For the Amplifier, Antenna, and S-Parameters blocks, the default value is Time domain. For the Transmission Line block, the default value is Frequency domain.

Dependencies

To set this parameter, first select Data source in Source of amplifier gain. This selection activates the Modeling Tab which contains Modeling options

Fitting options — Rationalfit fitting options

Fit individually (default) | Share poles by column | Share all poles

Rationalfit fitting options, specified as Fit individually, Share poles by column, or Share all poles.

Rational fitting results shows values of Number of independent fits, Number of required poles, and Relative error achieved (dB).

Dependencies

To set this parameter, select Time domain in Modeling options.

Relative error desired (dB) — Relative error acceptable for the rational fit

-40 (default) | scalar

Relative error acceptable for the rational fit, specified as a scalar in decibels.

Dependencies

To set this parameter, select Time domain in Modeling options.

Automatically estimate impulse response duration — Automatically calculate impulse response

on | off

Select this parameter to automatically calculate impulse response. Clear this parameter to manually specify the impulse response duration using Impulse response duration.

Dependencies

To set this parameter, select Frequency domain in Modeling options.

Impulse response duration — Impulse response duration

1e-10 (default) | scalar

Impulse response duration, specified as a scalar in seconds.

Dependencies

To set this parameter, first select Frequency domain in Modeling options. Then, clear Automatically estimate impulse response duration.

Use only S-parameter magnitude with appropriate delay — Use only S-parameter magnitude with appropriate delay

off (default) | on

Select this parameter to S-parameter phase and delay the impulse response by half its length. This parameter is applicable only for S-parameter data modeled in time domain. You can use this parameter to shape spectral content with filter effects by specifying only magnitude.

Note

This parameter introduces an artificial delay to the system.

Visualization

Source of frequency data — Frequency data source

Extracted from data source (default) | User-defined

Frequency data source, specified as:

When Source of frequency data is Extracted from data source, the Data source must be set to Data file. Verify that the specified Data file contains frequency data.

When Source of frequency data is User-specified, specify a vector of frequencies in the Frequency data parameter. Also, specify units from the corresponding drop-down list.

Dependencies

To set this parameter, first select Data source in Source of amplifier gain. This selection activates the Visualization Tab which contains Source of frequency data

Frequency data — Frequency data range

[1e9:1e6:3e9] (default) | finite vector | Hz | kHz | MHz | GHz

Frequency data range, specified as a finite vector.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Source of frequency data to User-specified.

Plot type — Type of data plot

X-Y plane (default) | Polar plane | Z Smith chart | Y Smith chart | ZY Smith chart

Type of data plot that you want to produce with your data specified as one of the following:

• X-Y plane — Generate a Cartesian plot of your data versus frequency. To create linear, semilog, or log-log plots, set the Y-axis scale and X-axis scale accordingly.

• Polar plane — Generate a polar plot of your data. The block plots only the range of data corresponding to the specified frequencies.

• Z smith chart, Y smith chart, and ZY smith chart — Generate a Smith^® chart. The block plots only the range of data corresponding to the specified frequencies.

Parameter 1 — Type of S-Parameters to plot

S11 (default) | S12 | S21 | S22 | NF

Type of S-Parameters to plot, specified as S11, S12, S21, or S22. When noise is spectral NF plotting is possible.

Dependencies

To enable NF, set Noise type to Noise figure and select Apply.

Parameter 2 — Type of S-Parameters to plot

None (default) | S11 | S12 | S21 | S22 | NF

Type of S-Parameters to plot, specified as S11, S12, S21, or S22. When noise is spectral NF plotting is possible.

Dependencies

To enable NF, set Noise distribution to Piece-wise linear or Colored and select Apply.

Format1 — Plot format

Magnitude (decibels) (default) | Magnitude (linear) | Angle(degrees) | Real | Imaginary

Plot format, specified as Magnitude (decibels), Angle(degrees), Real, or Imaginary.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Plot type to X-Y plane.

Format2 — Plot format

Magnitude (decibels) (default) | Magnitude (linear) | Angle(degrees) | Real | Imaginary

Plot format, specified as Magnitude (decibels), Angle(degrees), Real, or Imaginary.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Plot type to X-Y plane.

Y-axis scale — Y-axis scale

Linear (default) | Logarithmic

Y-axis scale, specified as Linear or Logarithmic.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Plot type to X-Y plane.

X-axis scale — X-axis scale

Linear (default) | Logarithmic

X-axis scale, specified as Linear or Logarithmic.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Plot type to X-Y plane.

Plot — Plot specified data

button

Plot specified data using plot button.

More About

Noise Figure Data

Noise figure represents only a subset of the noise information (spot noise data) needed to fully describe the noise behavior of a two-port device. When only noise figure is specified, RF Blockset amplifier defines the spot noise parameters in the following manner:

$$\begin{array}{l}N{F}_{\min }=NF(F_{\min }={10}^{NF/10})\\ R_n=Z_0\frac{F_{\min }-1}{4},Z_0\in \text{R}\\ Y_{opt}=\frac{1}{Z_0}\end{array}$$

Amplifier exhibits specified noise figure when source impedance is matched to the reference impedance ($$Z=Z_0,Z_0\in \text{R}$$).

Spot Noise Data

Noise in RF Blockset amplifiers are represented as two correlated noise sources at the input port of a noiseless two-port:

The noise sources variance and correlation are governed by an ABCD-correlation matrix:

that is determined by measurable quantities:

$$\begin{array}{l}{C}_A=2kT\left(\begin{array}{cc}{R}_n& \frac{N{F}_{\min }-1}{2}-R_n{Y}_{opt}^{*}\\ \frac{N{F}_{\min }-1}{2}-R_n{Y}_{opt}& R_n{\left|Y_{opt}\right|}^2\end{array}\right)\\ \end{array}$$

• NF_min - Minimum noise figure

• R_n - Equivalent noise resistance

• Y_opt - Optimal source admittance

• k - Boltzman's constant

• T - Noise temperature in Kelvin

  .

The above quantities are specified in the amplifier from the noise data section in the .s2p file or directly as masked parameters in the noise pane. In both cases:

• NF_min is specified in decibels

• R_n is specified as equivalent normalized resistance, R_N (Rn = Z0RN).

• Y_opt is specified in terms of optimal reflection coefficient, Γ_opt (Yopt = Y0(1-Γopt)/(1+Γopt)).

In the above, Z0 = 1/Y0 is the reference impedance that is real. If the Source of amplifier gain is Data source, the reference impedance is specified in the .s2p file or in the amplifier mask. Other wise the reference impedance is 50 ohms.

The noise factor, F, of the amplifier is affected by the noisy source impedance, Z_s, and is determined from the ABCD-correlation matrix:

$$\begin{array}{l}F=1+\frac{z^{+}{C}_{A}z}{2kT\mathrm{Re}\left\{Z_S\right\}}\\ z=\left(\begin{array}{l}1\\ Z_S^{*}\end{array}\right)\end{array}$$

The noise figure, NF, is obtained from the noise factor using, NF = 10log(F).

References

[1] Gonzalez, Guillermo. “Microwave Transistor Amplifiers: Analysis and Design”, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1984.

[2] Grob, Siegfried and Juergen Lindner. “Polynomial Model Derivation of Nonlinear Amplifiers, Department of Information Technology, University of Ulm, Germany.

[3] Kundert, Ken. “Accurate and Rapid Measurement of IP ₂ and IP ₃”, The Designers Guide Community, Version 1b, May 22, 2002. http://www.designers-guide.org/analysis/intercept-point.pdf.

[4] Pozar, David M. “Microwave Engineering”, Hoboken NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2005.

Version History

Introduced in R2010b

R2024b: Time domain (rationalfit) parameter renamed

The Time domain (rationalfit) parameter value in the Modeling options parameter has been renamed to Time domain in the Amplifier block.

When you open a model created before R2024b containing an Amplifier block, the parameter name displays as Time domain.

R2022b: Three new parameters added

The Amplifier block has three new parameters.

• Network-parameter object — Use this parameter to specify a network parameter object as the source of amplifier gain.

• Use rational object — Use this parameter to specify a rational object as the source of amplifier gain.

• Plot power characteristics — Use this button to plot the power characteristics of an amplifier based on the specified nonlinearities.

R2022b: Two block parameters renamed

The Pick operation frequency at maximum S21 magnitude and Frequency data parameters have been renamed to Use operation frequency at maximum S21 magnitude and Source of frequency data, respectively.

When you open a model created before R2022b containing the Amplifier block, the software replaces the old parameter names with the new names.

R2022a: Modeling noise in nonlinear circuit envelope amplifier

The Amplifier block now enables you to model frequency-dependent noise as colored noise when your amplifier operates in a nonlinear region.

When you open a model created before R2022a containing the Amplifier block operating in a nonlinear region with frequency-dependent noise, the software models the noise as specified in the block.

R2022a: Two new parameters added

The Amplifier block has two new parameters.

• AM/AM-AM/PM table — Use this parameter to specify amplifier power characteristics using AM/AM-AM/PM table.

• Use constant S21 and nonlinearity — Use this parameter to model frequency-dependent gain (S21) when operating in a nonlinear region.

R2021b: Amplifier block icon updated

Starting in R2021b, the Amplifier block icon has updated. The block icon is now dynamic and shows the current state of the noise parameter.

When you open a model created before R2021b containing an Amplifier block, the software replaces the block icon with the R2021b version.