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resubPredict

Predict responses for training data using trained regression model

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    Syntax

    yFit = resubPredict(Mdl)
    yFit = resubPredict(Mdl,Name=Value)
    [yFit,ySD,yInt] = resubPredict(___)

    Description

    yFit = resubPredict(Mdl) returns predicted responses for the trained regression model Mdl using the predictor data stored in Mdl.X.

    example

    yFit = resubPredict(Mdl,Name=Value) specifies options using one or more name-value arguments. For example, IncludeInteractions=true specifies to include interaction terms in computations for generalized additive models.

    example

    [yFit,ySD,yInt] = resubPredict(___) also returns the standard deviations and prediction intervals of the response variable, evaluated at each observation in the predictor data Mdl.X, using any of the input argument combinations in the previous syntaxes. This syntax applies only to generalized additive models for which IsStandardDeviationFit is true, and to Gaussian process regression models for which the PredictMethod is not 'bcd'.

    Examples

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    Open Live Script

    Train a generalized additive model (GAM), then predict responses for the training data.

    Load the patients data set. 

    load patients

    Create a table that contains the predictor variables (Age, Diastolic, Smoker, Weight, Gender, SelfAssessedHealthStatus) and the response variable (Systolic).

    tbl = table(Age,Diastolic,Smoker,Weight,Gender,SelfAssessedHealthStatus,Systolic);

    Train a univariate GAM that contains the linear terms for the predictors in tbl.

    Mdl = fitrgam(tbl,"Systolic")
    Mdl = 
  RegressionGAM
            PredictorNames: {'Age'  'Diastolic'  'Smoker'  'Weight'  'Gender'  'SelfAssessedHealthStatus'}
              ResponseName: 'Systolic'
     CategoricalPredictors: [3 5 6]
         ResponseTransform: 'none'
                 Intercept: 122.7800
    IsStandardDeviationFit: 0
           NumObservations: 100

    Mdl is a RegressionGAM model object.

    Predict responses for the training set.

    yFit = resubPredict(Mdl);

    Create a table containing the observed response values and the predicted response values. Display the first eight rows of the table.

    t = table(tbl.Systolic,yFit, ...
    'VariableNames',{'Observed Value','Predicted Value'});
head(t)
        Observed Value    Predicted Value
    ______________    _______________

         124              124.75     
         109              109.48     
         125              122.89     
         117              115.87     
         122              121.61     
         121              122.02     
         130              126.39     
         115              115.95
    Open Live Script

    Train a Gaussian process regression (GPR) model by using the fitrgp function. Then predict responses for the training data and estimate prediction intervals of the responses at each observation in the training data by using the resubPredict function.

    Generate a training data set. 

    rng(1) % For reproducibility
n = 100000;
X = linspace(0,1,n)';
X = [X,X.^2];
y = 1 + X*[1;2] + sin(20*X*[1;-2]) + 0.2*randn(n,1);

    Train a GPR model using the squared exponential kernel function. Estimate parameters by using the subset of regressors ('sr') approximation method, and make predictions using the subset of data ('sd') method. Use 50 points in the active set, and specify 'sgma' (sparse greedy matrix approximation) method for active set selection. Because the scales of the first and second predictors are different, standardize the data set. 

    gprMdl = fitrgp(X,y,'KernelFunction','squaredExponential', ...
    'FitMethod','sr','PredictMethod','sd', ...
    'ActiveSetSize',50,'ActiveSetMethod','sgma','Standardize',true);

    fitrgp accepts any combination of fitting, prediction, and active set selection methods. However, if you train a model using the block coordinate descent prediction method ('PredictMethod','bcd'), you cannot use the model to compute the standard deviations of the predicted responses; therefore, you also cannot use the model to compute the prediction intervals. For more details, see Tips.

    Use the trained model to predict responses for the training data and to estimate the prediction intervals of the predicted responses. 

    [ypred,~,yci] = resubPredict(gprMdl);

    Plot the true responses, predicted responses, and prediction intervals. 

    figure
plot(y,'r')
hold on
plot(ypred,'b')
plot(yci(:,1),'k--')
plot(yci(:,2),'k--')
legend('True responses','GPR predictions','95% prediction limits','Location','Best')
xlabel('X')
ylabel('y')
hold off

    Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with xlabel X, ylabel y contains 4 objects of type line. These objects represent True responses, GPR predictions, 95% prediction limits.

    Compute the mean squared error loss on the training data using the trained GPR model.

    L = resubLoss(gprMdl)
    L = 
0.0523
    Open Live Script

    Predict responses for a training data set using a generalized additive model (GAM) that contains both linear and interaction terms for predictors. Specify whether to include interaction terms when predicting responses.

    Load the carbig data set, which contains measurements of cars made in the 1970s and early 1980s.

    load carbig

    Specify Acceleration, Displacement, Horsepower, and Weight as the predictor variables (X) and MPG as the response variable (Y).

    X = [Acceleration,Displacement,Horsepower,Weight];
Y = MPG;

    Train a generalized additive model that contains all the available linear and interaction terms in X. 

    Mdl = fitrgam(X,Y,'Interactions','all');

    Mdl is a RegressionGAM model object.

    Predict the responses using both linear and interaction terms, and then using only linear terms. To exclude interaction terms, specify 'IncludeInteractions',false. 

    yFit = resubPredict(Mdl);
yFit_nointeraction = resubPredict(Mdl,'IncludeInteractions',false);

    Create a table containing the observed response values and the predicted response values. Display the first eight rows of the table.

    t = table(Mdl.Y,yFit,yFit_nointeraction, ...
    'VariableNames',{'Observed Response', ...
    'Predicted Response','Predicted Response Without Interactions'});
head(t)
        Observed Response    Predicted Response    Predicted Response Without Interactions
    _________________    __________________    _______________________________________

           18                  18.026                           17.22                 
           15                  15.003                          15.791                 
           18                  17.663                           16.18                 
           16                  16.178                          15.536                 
           17                  17.107                          17.361                 
           15                  14.943                          14.424                 
           14                  14.119                          14.981                 
           14                  13.864                          13.498

    Input Arguments

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    Regression machine learning model, specified as a full regression model object, as given in the following table of supported models.

    ModelRegression Model Object
    Gaussian process regression modelRegressionGP
    Generalized additive model (GAM)RegressionGAM
    Neural network modelRegressionNeuralNetwork

    Name-Value Arguments

    Specify optional pairs of arguments as Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN, where Name is the argument name and Value is the corresponding value. Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the pairs does not matter.

    Before R2021a, use commas to separate each name and value, and enclose Name in quotes.

    Example: Alpha=0.01,IncludeInteractions=false specifies the confidence level as 99% and excludes interaction terms from computations for a generalized additive model.

    Significance level for the confidence level of the prediction intervals yInt, specified as a numeric scalar in the range [0,1]. The confidence level of yInt is equal to 100(1 – Alpha)%.

    This argument is valid only for a generalized additive model object that includes the standard deviation fit, or a Gaussian process regression model that does not use the block coordinate descent method for prediction. That is, you can specify this argument only in one of these situations:

    Example: Alpha=0.01

    Data Types: single | double

    Flag to include interaction terms of the model, specified as true or false. This argument is valid only for a generalized additive model. That is, you can specify this argument only when Mdl is RegressionGAM.

    The default value is true if Mdl contains interaction terms. The value must be false if the model does not contain interaction terms.

    Data Types: logical

    Since R2024b

    Output type for the predicted responses yFit, specified as "matrix" or "table". This argument is valid only for a neural network model with multiple response variables. That is, you can specify this argument only when Mdl is a RegressionNeuralNetwork object, where Mdl.Y contains data for multiple response variables.

    Example: OutputType="table"

    Data Types: char | string

    Since R2023b

    Predicted response value to use for observations with missing predictor values, specified as "median", "mean", or a numeric scalar. This argument is valid only for a Gaussian process regression or neural network model. That is, you can specify this argument only when Mdl is a RegressionGP or RegressionNeuralNetwork object.

    ValueDescription
    "median"

    resubPredict uses the median of the observed response values in the training data as the predicted response value for observations with missing predictor values.

    This value is the default when Mdl is a RegressionGP or RegressionNeuralNetwork object.

    "mean"resubPredict uses the mean of the observed response values in the training data as the predicted response value for observations with missing predictor values.
    Numeric scalarresubPredict uses this value as the predicted response value for observations with missing predictor values.

    Example: PredictionForMissingValue="mean"

    Example: PredictionForMissingValue=NaN

    Data Types: single | double | char | string

    Output Arguments

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    Predicted responses, returned as a numeric vector, matrix, or table.

    • If yFit is a vector, then it has length n, where n is the number of observations in the predictor data (Mdl.X).

    • If yFit is a matrix or table, then it has n rows, where n is the number of observations in the predictor data. yFit is a matrix or table only when Mdl is a multiresponse regression neural network model.

    Standard deviations of the response variable, evaluated at each observation in the predictor data Mdl.X, returned as a column vector of length n, where n is the number of observations in Mdl.X. The ith element ySD(i) contains the standard deviation of the ith response for the ith observation Mdl.X(i,:), estimated using the trained standard deviation model in Mdl.

    This argument is valid only for a generalized additive model object that includes the standard deviation fit, or a Gaussian process regression model that does not use the block coordinate descent method for prediction. That is, resubPredict can return this argument only in one of these situations:

    Prediction intervals of the response variable, evaluated at each observation in the predictor data Mdl.X, returned as an n-by-2 matrix, where n is the number of observations in Mdl.X. The ith row yInt(i,:) contains the 100(1 – Alpha)% prediction interval of the ith response for the ith observation Mdl.X(i,:). The Alpha value is the probability that the prediction interval does not contain the true response value Mdl.Y(i). The first column of yInt contains the lower limits of the prediction intervals, and the second column contains the upper limits.

    This argument is valid only for a generalized additive model object that includes the standard deviation fit, or a Gaussian process regression model that does not use the block coordinate descent method for prediction. That is, resubPredict can return this argument only in one of these situations:

    Algorithms

    resubPredict predicts responses according to the corresponding predict function of the object (Mdl). For a model-specific description, see the predict function reference pages in the following table.

    ModelRegression Model Object (Mdl)predict Object Function
    Gaussian process regression modelRegressionGPpredict
    Generalized additive modelRegressionGAMpredict
    Neural network modelRegressionNeuralNetworkpredict

    Alternative Functionality

    To compute the predicted responses for new predictor data, use the corresponding predict function of the object (Mdl).

    Extended Capabilities

    Version History

    Introduced in R2015b

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    See Also