Using a print statement in a loop

Hey guys, I'm having some trouble with running an fprintf statement in a loop. What I did is created a character array, and I want to run a loop to print the values of another matrix with the labels from that character array. Here's my code:

x = (pi/4);
M = [-1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 
     0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0;
     1 0 cos(x) 0 0 0 0 0;
     0 -1 -sin(x) 0 0 0 0 0;
     0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0;
     0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0;
     0 0 -sin(x) -1 0 0 0 1;
     0 0 cos(x) 0 1 0 1 0];
 E = [1000 0 0 500 -500 0 0 0]';

   f1 = M\E;

   F = char(['F1'; 'F2'; 'F3'; 'F4'; 'F5'; 'R1'; 'R2'; 'R3']);

   for x = x
      fprintf('%.3f = %.3f Newtons \n\n', F, f1)
   end

My result is something really strange, and I don't understand why it is what it is:

70.000 = 70.000 Newtons

70.000 = 70.000 Newtons

70.000 = 82.000 Newtons

82.000 = 82.000 Newtons

49.000 = 50.000 Newtons

51.000 = 52.000 Newtons

53.000 = 49.000 Newtons

50.000 = 51.000 Newtons

-1000.000 = -1500.000 Newtons

1414.214 = -500.000 Newtons

0.000 = 1500.000 Newtons

-1000.000 = 500.000 Newtons

What I WANT to do is have each label of F pair up with its respective value from f1. I have NO idea why it's printing numerical values for what should be a character string.

Anyway, thanks in advance!

Answer 1

[Image Analyst]

F is a string, so use %s instead of %f:

fprintf('%s = %.3f Newtons \n\n', F, f1)

[Luke]

Wow, I can't believe I forgot that. However, when I did try that just now, it gave me a slew of nonsensical stuff:

FFFFFRRR12345123 = -1000.000 Newtons

-1.500000e+03 = 1414.214 Newtons

 = 0.000 Newtons

1.500000e+03 = -1000.000 Newtons

5.000000e+02 = >>

[Image Analyst]

Your loop iterator, x, was wrong, and you need to index F and f1. Try this:

x = (pi/4);
M = [-1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
  0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0;
  1 0 cos(x) 0 0 0 0 0;
  0 -1 -sin(x) 0 0 0 0 0;
  0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0;
  0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0;
  0 0 -sin(x) -1 0 0 0 1;
  0 0 cos(x) 0 1 0 1 0]
E = [1000 0 0 500 -500 0 0 0]'

f1 = M\E

F = char(['F1'; 'F2'; 'F3'; 'F4'; 'F5'; 'R1'; 'R2'; 'R3'])

for row = 1:length(f1)
  fprintf('%s = %.3f Newtons \n\n', F(row,:), f1(row))
end

Answer 2

[Roja G]

%%%LEACH%%


clear ;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% PARAMETERS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Field Dimensions - x and y maximum (in meters)

xm=100;

ym=100;


% x and y coordinates of the sink
% placing the sink at centre of the field


sink.x=0.5*xm;

sink.y=0.5*ym;


% Number of nodes in the field

n=100;


% Optimal election probability of a node to be come cluster head

p=0.1;



% Energy model (ALL VALUES IN JOULES)

% Intial Energy(same for all nodes - homogeneous scenario)

Eo=0.5;

% Eelec=Etx=Erc

ETX=50*0.000000001; % transmission power

ERX=50*0.000000001;

% Transmit amplifier types

Efs=10*0.00000000001;

Emp=0.0013*0.00000000001;

% Data aggreagation energy

EDA=5*0.000000001;


% Values for Hetereogeneity

% Percentage of nodes than are advanced 

m=0.1;

% \alpha

a=1;


% maximum number of rounds

rmax=4000;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%END OF PARAMETERS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Computaion of do

do=sqrt(Efs/Emp); % approx. value of do = 84.73


% Creation of the random sensor network

 figure(1);



for i=1:1:n
% whenever we perform node deployment, we need to create a data type for sensor node in Matlab, since a node can have many attributes 
% here S is the data type of our sensor node

S(i).xd=rand(1,1)*xm; % xd represents x-coordinate of node generated randomly

XR(i)=S(i).xd; % sequential indexing of node

S(i).yd=rand(1,1)*ym; % yd represents y-coordinate of node generated randomly

YR(i)=S(i).yd; % sequential indexing of node

S(i).G=0; % shows whether the node belongs to any group or not, here it doesnt belong to any group so 0

%intially there are no cluster heads only nodes

S(i).type='N'; % states that it is just a node, not a cluster head

temp_rnd0=i;

%Random election of normal nodes

if(temp_rnd0>=m*n+1)

S(i).E=Eo; % initial energy of the node is Eo

S(i).ENERGY=0;

plot(S(i).xd,S(i).yd,'o');

hold on; % cause we are plotting multiple nodes in a single figure

end

%Random election of advanced nodes

if(temp_rnd0<m*n+1)

S(i).E=Eo;

S(i).ENERGY=1;

plot(S(i).xd,S(i).yd,'+');

hold on;

end

end


S(n+1).xd=sink.x; % x-coordinate of sink

S(n+1).yd=sink.y; % y-coordinate of sink

plot(S(n+1).xd,S(n+1).yd,'x');


%First Iteration

figure(1);


%counter for CHs

countCHs=0;

%counter for CHs per round 

rcountCHs=0;

cluster=1; % initializing clusters



countCHs;

rcountCHs=rcountCHs+countCHs;

flag_first_dead=0;



for r=0:1:rmax % max number of rounds
r;

% Operation for epoch i.e., how the cluster head is getting selected
% after initializing epoch, the selection procedure starts

if(mod(r, round(1/p) )==0)

for i=1:1:n
S(i).G=0;

S(i).c1=0;

end

end


hold off;



% Number of dead nodes

dead=0;

% Number of dead Advanced Nodes

dead_a=0;

% Number of dead Normal Nodes

dead_n=0;


% counter for bit transmitted to base station and to cluster head

packet_TO_BS=0;

packet_TO_CH=0;


% counter for bit transmitted to base station and to cluster head per round

PACKET_TO_CH(r+1)=0;

PACKET_TO_BS(r+1)=0;


figure(1);


for i=1:1:n

% checking if there is a dead node

if(S(i).E<=0)

plot(S(i).xd,S(i).yd,'red .');
 %plot(S(i).xd,S(i).yd,'red .');
dead=dead+1;

if(S(i).ENERGY==1)

dead_a=dead_a+1;

end

if(S(i).ENERGY==0)

dead_n=dead_n+1;

end

hold on;

end


if S(i).E>0

S(i).type='N';

if (S(i).ENERGY==0)

plot(S(i).xd,S(i).yd,'o');

end

if (S(i).ENERGY==1)

 plot(S(i).xd,S(i).yd,'+');

end

hold on;

end


totalenergy(i)=S(i).E;

% if r+1==1095

% S(i).E=0;

% end

end

total_energy=sum(totalenergy);

plot(S(n+1).xd,S(n+1).yd,'+');


STATISTICS(r+1).DEAD = dead;

DEAD(r+1) = dead;


if r+1==1095

S(i).E=0;

end


% When the first node dies

if(dead==1)

if(flag_first_dead==0)

first_dead=r;

flag_first_dead=1;

end

end


countCHs=0;

cluster=1;

for i=1:1:n

if(S(i).E>0)

temp_rand=rand;

if ( (S(i).G)<=0)


% Election of cluster heads

if(temp_rand<=(p/(1-p*mod(r,round(1/p))))*(S(i).E/total_energy)) % *(S(i).E/total_energy) is the modified leach formula, which represents residual energy of the node by the total energy of the network 

countCHs=countCHs+1;

PACKET_TO_BS(r+1)=packet_TO_BS;


S(i).type='C';

S(i).G=round(1/p)-1;

C(cluster).xd=S(i).xd;

C(cluster).yd=S(i).yd;

plot(S(i).xd,S(i).yd,'k*');


distance=sqrt( (S(i).xd-(S(n+1).xd) )^2+ (S(i).yd-(S(n+1).yd) )^2 ); % distance formula
% corresponding distance from base station follows 2 types of routing based on whether d is < or > do (declared at start of the code)

C(cluster).distance=distance;

C(cluster).id=i;

X(cluster)=S(i).xd;

Y(cluster)=S(i).yd;

cluster=cluster+1;


%Calculation of Energy dissipated

distance;

if(distance>do) % multipath routing, current energy of the node = S(i).E, energy dissipation = (ETX+EDA)*(4000) + Emp*4000*(distance*distance*distance*distance)

S(i).E = S(i).E - ((ETX+EDA)*(4000) +Emp*4000*(distance*distance*distance*distance)); % packet size = 4000, Emp - multipath routing coefficient

end

if(distance<=do) % free space routing, energy dissipation = (ETX+EDA)*(4000) +Efs*4000*(distance*distance)

S(i).E = S(i).E - ((ETX+EDA)*(4000) +Efs*4000*(distance*distance)); % free space routing coefficient

end

end

end

end

end


STATISTICS(r+1).CLUSTERHEADS=cluster-1;

CLUSTERHS(r+1)=cluster-1;


% Election of associated cluster head for normal nodes
% calculating distance from cluster head to member nodes, if nearby then cluster member

for i=1:1:n

if (S(i).type == 'N' && S(i).E>0)

if(cluster-1>=1)

min_dis=sqrt( (S(i).xd-S(n+1).xd)^2 + (S(i).yd-S(n+1).yd)^2);

min_dis_cluster=1;

for c=1:1:cluster-1

temp=min(min_dis, sqrt ( (S(i).xd-C(c).xd)^2 + (S(i).yd-C(c).yd)^2));

if( temp<min_dis )

min_dis=temp;

min_dis_cluster=c;

end

end


% Energy dissipated by associated cluster head (same as above)

min_dis;

if (min_dis>do)

S(i).E=S(i).E- (ETX*(4000) + Emp*4000*( min_dis * min_dis * min_dis * min_dis));

end


if (min_dis<=do)

S(i).E=S(i).E- (ETX*(4000) + Efs*4000*( min_dis * min_dis)); % energy dissipated while receiving the information from the nodes

end


%Energy dissipated

if(min_dis>0)

S(C(min_dis_cluster).id).E = S(C(min_dis_cluster).id).E - ( (ERX+EDA)*4000); % ERX+EDA)*4000 - energy dissipated by receiving power of each and every cluster head

PACKETS_TO_CH(r+1)=n-dead-cluster+1;

end 

S(i).min_dis=min_dis;

S(i).min_dis_cluster=min_dis_cluster;

end

end

end

hold on;

countCHs;

rcountCHs=rcountCHs+countCHs;

end


AlliveLeach = 100 - DEAD; % after total energy is dissipated, nodes start becoming dead one after the other 
% this is the criterion (performance of alive nodes) for analyzing the network lifetime
%plot (1:4001,AlliveLeach,'-r') % can be upto 40001 rounds

[Roja G]

could you please help me.. i want to print a statement to find the cluster head formation and residual energy for each round . how to use the for loop to the above code

[Image Analyst]

This is not an answer to Luke's question.

Please start your own question after you read this link.